Véra Eisenmann
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Equidae tridactyles (Hipparions sensu lato)

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Skull proportions and size of the pre-orbital bar (Size of Pre-orbital bar (32))

Monday 31 May 2010
Skull proportions and size of the preorbital bar (32) 1. Compared to many other ancient Northamerican equids (SD-2) Scatter diagram 2, all ‘typical’ Cormohipparion A and B (morphs 1) have a longer bar (32) relative to the length of the NIN (30). 2. The separations is, however, not so sharp (…)
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Skull proportions, excluding the size of the preorbital ‘bar’ (32): Unclassified (Ratio diagrams, 8 variables)

Monday 31 May 2010
Unclassified. Five skulls remain unclassified using this kind of ratio diagram (Unclassified 1). Unclassified fragments. Fifteen other skulls were too fragmentary to be studied by this kind of ratio diagram (Unclassified 2).
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Skull proportions, excluding the size of the preorbital ‘bar’ (32): Miohippus & Mesohippus (Ratio diagrams, 8 variables)

Monday 31 May 2010


Skull proportions, excluding the size of the preorbital ‘bar’ (32): Hypo, Mega, & Parahippus (Ratio diagrams, 8 variables)

Monday 31 May 2010


Skull proportions, excluding the size of the preorbital ‘bar’ (32): Dinohippus & Pliohippus (Ratio diagrams, 8 variables)

Monday 31 May 2010
Dinohippus and Pliohippus Dinohippus 11724, 87201, and Pliohippus 12998 have similar proportions (Dino-Plio 1) but only the last one has a well developped POF. Five other skulls are all different (Dino-Plio 2).
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Skull proportions, excluding the size of the preorbital ‘bar’ (32): Group B (Ratio diagrams, 8 variables)

Monday 31 May 2010
Group B. B-1. Thirteen skulls referrable to Cormohipparion B, differ from the group A mostly by their longer naso-incisival notches. They tend also to have longer muzzles and shorter palates. B-2. Two skulls are similar but quite smaller. B-3. Five skulls have a long muzzle. B-4. One (…)
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Skull proportions, excluding the size of the preorbital ‘bar’ (32): Group A (Ratio diagrams, 8 variables)

Monday 31 May 2010
Group A. A-1 : Height adult skulls and two juveniles may be easily referred to Cormohipparion A. They are characterized by relatively long palates (2), wide muzzles 15), and short naso-incisival notches (NNI=30). A-2 : Sixteen skulls are similar but smaller, and have a deeper naso-incisival (…)
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Skull proportions, excluding the size of the preorbital ‘bar’ (32): Lakotahippus s.l. (Ratio diagrams, 8 variables)

Monday 31 May 2010
As the variation is the largest for measures of the fossa, especially its distance from the orbit (’bar’: mesure 32), I have drawn separate ratio digrams for other dimensions: 5=post-palatal length; 23=anterior ocular line; 2=palatal length; 1=muzzle length; 15=maximal muzzle breadth; 9=P2-M3 (…)
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Craniological definitions of Groups A and B, and of Cormohipparions (Northamerican archaic skulls, mandibles, and metapodials)

Monday 31 May 2010
Craniological definition of Group A versus Group B The first scatter diagram (SD-1) shows that Group A is characterized by a short naso-incisival notch (NIN=30), Group B – by a long NIN relative to the length of the cheek (31). Craniological definition of Cormohipparions versus other (…)
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University of California at Riverside (Skull measurements, data)

Monday 31 May 2010


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